I called a CB shop and they said the only other option is really a power mic, which I really didn't want, or else it won't be loud enough with a regular dynamic mic. Have you noticed this Dave? The mic pictured below specifically says it works with the 510 and appears to be more ergonomic. It's cheap so I think I might go with it.
The CB shop is confusing you. They may be confused themselves. A fair number of CB'er also think louder is better, so take their recommendations with a grain of salt. You want to sound clear without overdriving the radio, causing interference, distortion, splattering on neighboring channels. The circuit in the mics they are pushing probably are only for sound effects, the echo and all that junk you hear.
Your Uniden will work with any dynamic microphone.
Caveat this by saying that there is a chance some mics will work a little better than others, but the difference won't be enough to matter and you should not worry to any great extent. By "better" I mean clearer audio mainly due to the quality of the element and the acoustics of the case. Some mics sound muddy or exceptionally thin. But as near as I can tell there's no real strong correlation with price. That $10 Super Star I have sounds absolutely fine with my Pro 520.
Your Uniden will
not work with a condenser or electret mic out of the box. Some radios (usually -not- CB radios) work with them, ham radios for example. They have a pin dedicated to giving power to the microphone for it to work and there may be a menu selection or switch to tell the radio what type of mic you have.
If a radio does not offer this option (e.g. most CB radios do not) then to use that type (active, condenser, electret) of mic if you must build a stand-alone way to power it, perhaps batteries, maybe a little 12V-based converter. But this is the realm of hams and tinkers, so it's not something you need to worry about.
I wish I knew it only worked with certain mics before I bought it.
Any dynamic mic will more than likely work just fine, don't get too wrapped around the axle on this. If the mic has a 4-pin round connector that fits the radio and does
NOT require batteries the likelihood is it will work just fine with your Uniden.